Main Article Content
Abstract
This study investigates the effectiveness of academic and social sanctions as preventive measures against sexual violence perpetrated by faculty members in higher education institutions. Despite increasing institutional efforts, sexual violence persists as a serious threat to student safety and institutional credibility. The study aims to assess perceptions of sanction effectiveness, enforcement challenges, and stakeholder expectations to inform comprehensive prevention strategies. A mixed-methods design was applied, integrating quantitative surveys of students, faculty, and university leaders with qualitative interviews and focus group discussions. Quantitative data measured levels of agreement with different sanctions, while qualitative insights explored institutional practices and cultural factors shaping implementation. The findings demonstrate strong support for strict academic sanctionssuch as dismissal, suspension, and demotionand complementary social sanctions, including exclusion from academic activities and revocation of supervisory privileges. These measures were perceived as essential deterrents, reinforcing both formal accountability and social reputation. Qualitative evidence emphasized the importance of transparent enforcement, survivor-centered reporting mechanisms, and institutional commitment to overcoming barriers related to power imbalances and underreporting. This research provides empirical evidence for the value of an integrated sanction framework. It highlights the need to combine academic and social sanctions with educational and supportive interventions to ensure sustainable prevention. The findings offer actionable guidance for policymakers and higher education institutions seeking to strengthen accountability and reduce faculty-perpetrated sexual violence.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Banyard, V., A. Waterman, E., M. Edwards, K., & Valente, T. W. (2022). Adolescent Peers and Prevention: Network Patterns of Sexual Violence Attitudes and Bystander Actions. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(1314), NP12398NP12426. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260521997448
- Banyard, V., Edwards, K. M., Waterman, E. A., Kollar, L. M. M., Jones, L. M., & Mitchell, K. J. (2022). Exposure to a Youth-Led Sexual Violence Prevention Program Among Adolescents: The Impact of En-gagement. Psychology of Violence, 12(6), 403412. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000413
- Banyard, V., Edwards, K., Mitchell, K. J., Green-berg, P., & Jones, L. (2022). Describing youth as actionists for peer sexual violence prevention: correlates of opportunity to act. Journal of Gender-Based Violence, 6(1), 6178. https://doi.org/10.1332/239868021X16231534981819
- Banyard, V. L., Rizzo, A. J., & Edwards, K. M. (2020). Community actionists: Under-standing adult bystanders to sexual and domestic violence prevention in communi-ties. Psychology of Violence, 10(5), 531541. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000281
- Casey, E. A., & Hampson, S. C. (2022). Sexual and Relationship Violence Prevention Pro-gramming on Commuter Campuses: Wis-dom From Students and Campus Person-nel. Violence Against Women, 28(1), 126149. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778012211030946
- Casey, E. A., Hampson, S. C., & Ackerman, A. R. (2021). Sexual and Relationship Vio-lence Prevention and Response: What Drives the Commuter Campus Student Ex-perience? Journal of Interpersonal Vio-lence, 36(2122), NP11421NP11445. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519888188
- Edwards, K. M., Banyard, V. L., Rizzo, A., & Greenberg, P. (2022). Scope and correlates of high school youths exposure to dating and sexual violence prevention initiatives. Journal of Community Psychology, 50(1), 126141. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22507
- Edwards, K. M., Banyard, V. L., Waterman, E. A., Hopfauf, S. L., Shin, H.-S., Simon, B., & Valente, T. W. (2022). Use of Social Network Analysis to Identify Popular Opinion Leaders for a Youth-Led Sexual Violence Prevention Initiative. Violence Against Women, 28(2), 664685. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801221994907
- Edwards, K. M., Siller, L., Eliason, S., Hernan-dez, N., Jones, J., Richardson, A., & Schmidt, A. J. (2022). The Girls Leader-ship Academy: A Promising, Empower-ment-Based Approach to the Prevention of Sexual Violence. Violence Against Women, 28(5), 10351059. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778012211051402
- Graham, K., Potterton, H., Mihaere, T., Carring-ton, B., Treharne, G. J., & Beres, M. A. (2021). Balancing Community Input and Established Research: Findings from the Development of a Sexual Violence Preven-tion Campaign. Journal of School Violence, 20(3), 288300. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2021.1897017
- Graham, K., Treharne, G. J., Liebergreen, N., Stojanov, Z., Shaw, R., & Beres, M. A. (2021). A qualitative exploration of barri-ers to university students willingness to attend sexual violence prevention work-shops. Sex Education, 21(2), 148160. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2020.1772225
- Grimmett, M. A., Conley, A. H., Foster, D., & Clark, C. W. (2021). A Thematic Analysis of the Impact of MY MASCULINITY HELPS as a Tool for Sexual Violence Pre-vention. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(56), NP3369NP3387. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518772106
- Imania, K., & Santoso, A. D. (2023). Institution-al isomorphism in policies on sexual vio-lence prevention and management in Indo-nesian universities. Issues in Educational Research, 33(2), 673692. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85163621176&partnerID=40&md5=3ae12495f9ad0b4aefb2d63e5a333873
- Kaufman, K. L., Lee, D. S., Milroy, J. J., & Raj, A. (2022). Introduction - The Prevention of Sexual Violence in Sport: A Real Game Changer. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(1314), NP10451NP10458. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605221095790
- Kaufman, K. L., Lee, D. S., Milroy, J. J., Yore, J., Sitney, M., Lipman, A., Glace, A., Kyler-Yano, J., & Raj, A. (2022). The Role of Theory in the Prevention of Sexual Vio-lence in Sport. Journal of Interpersonal Vi-olence, 37(1314), NP10459NP10511. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605221095787
- Milroy, J. J., Hanna, K., VandeLinde, T., Lee, D. S., Kaufman, K. L., Raj, A., Barker, K. M., Sitney, M., Lipman, A., Glace, A., & Kyler-Yano, J. (2022). Prevention of Sexu-al Violence in sport: A Socioecological Re-view. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(1314), NP10618NP10641. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211067003
- Nengyanti, Yusnaini, Imania, K., & Santoso, A. D. (2024). Policy Transfer for Sexual Vio-lence Prevention and Management in Indo-nesian Higher Education Institutions. Generos, 13(2), 137155. https://doi.org/10.17583/generos.12738
- Nur, R., & Nur, H. (2024). Equality of Rights and Accessibility Policy Interventions as Prevention of Sexual Violence against Per-sons with Disabilities: A Mixed Method Study. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(6), 19311945. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i6.4149
- Rahmasari, H., Pradityo, R., Karinda, R., Sitepu, S., & Widyawati, A. (2023). Policies on Prevention and Repression Against Sexual Violence for Higher Education: The Chal-lenges and Expectations. Indonesian Jour-nal of Criminal Law Studies, 8(1), 5774. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijcls.v8i1.42736
- Rieger, A., Blackburn, A. M., Nag, A., Holland, H., & Allen, N. E. (2023). Contradictions in change: Ecological factors in the imple-mentation of outer layer sexual violence prevention. American Journal of Communi-ty Psychology, 72(12), 1531. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12672
- Suardi. (2025). Discussion of Power Relations, Disability Perspectives, Anti-Violence, and Human Rights to Prevent Sexual Violence Against Students. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 16(1), 217242. https://www.jsser.org/index.php/jsser/article/view/6125/726
- Suardi, Hashim, S. Bin, Sadeli, E. H., Nursalam, Nur, R., Nur, H., Mutiara, I. A., & Ramlan, H. (2024). Sexual Violence Prevention and Handling Education Services: Analysis of Student Knowledge in Higher Education. Indonesian Annual Conference Series, 1(3), 278287. https://www.ojs.literacyinstitute.org/index.php/iacseries/article/view/1517
- Suardi, Nursalam, Nur, R., & Nur, H. (2023). Preventif Kekerasan Seksual di Perguruan Tinggi. In Tim Kreasi CV. AA. Rizky (Ed.), Cv. Aa. Rizky (Vol. 11, Issue 1). CV. AA. RIZKY.
- Suardi, S., Hashim, S. Bin, Nursalam, N., Nur, R., Nur, H., Firdaus, F., & Israpil, I. (2023). Preventing Sexual Violence Against Students Through Structural Policy Inter-ventions of Justice and Gender Equality. JED (Jurnal Etika Demokrasi), 8(4), 581590. https://doi.org/10.26618/jed.v8i4.13376
- Suardi, S., Nursalam, N., Nur, R., & Nur, H. (2024). Equality of Rights and Accessibil-ity Policy Interventions as Prevention of Sexual Violence against Persons with Disa-bilities : A Mixed Method Study. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(6), 1931 1945. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i6.4149